Codectionary / Developer documentation / HTML

<samp> and <var>

The <samp> element represents sample output from a computer program, typically rendered in monospace. The <var> element represents a variable in a mathematical expression or programming context, typically rendered in italics. Both are semantic complements to <kbd> (keyboard input) and <code> (code itself) for accurately marking up technical writing.

Syntax

<samp>Output text</samp> and <var>x</var>

Examples

Program Output

Showing sample console output.

<p>Running the script prints: <samp>Build succeeded in 4.2s</samp></p>

Mathematical Variable

Marking up a variable in an equation.

<p>The formula for area is <var>A</var> = <var>π</var><var>r</var><sup>2</sup>.</p>

Combining kbd, samp, and var

Documenting a command-line interaction with proper semantic markup.

<p>Type <kbd>echo $PATH</kbd> and press Enter. The output will look like <samp>/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin</samp>, where <var>PATH</var> is your system's environment variable.</p>

Best practices

  • Use samp specifically for output a program actually produced, distinct from kbd (what the user types) and code (the code itself)
  • Use var for variable names in math or pseudocode, not for arbitrary emphasized words
  • Combine kbd, samp, code, and var together in technical documentation for precise, accessible meaning
  • Do not reach for these elements purely for their default monospace/italic styling on unrelated text

At a glance

Purpose
Structure and meaning for web content
File extension
.html · .htm
Runs in
Web browsers
Usually used with
CSS and JavaScript

Specifications & further reading

Related HTML documentation

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<h1> - <h6>
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